Stone-channeling tool.



T. D. MOWLDSJ STONE CHANNELING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAYIS, 191s.

1,174,433.- I Patented Mar. 7,1916.

176,11- Fla; 2. in; 51 27&' 4

WITNESSES onnrcn THOMAS D. MOWLD S, OFBALA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STONE-CHANNELING' TOOL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. MowLDs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bala, Montgomery county, State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a certain new and useful Stone-Channeling Tool, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to channeling tools having a cutting edge upon theextreme outer part of the cutting face of the tool.

The purpose of my invention is to secure substantial continuity of cutfrom side to side of a channel at each stroke of the tool with a changein the direction of the cutting edge, from transverse at the middle topar allel with the sides at the sides. I

A further purpose of my invention is to permit the tool to be turned tobringa different cutting edge into play without change in thecharacterof cut made by it.

A further'purpose of my invention is to.

permit the free exit of the chips and refuse cut during the progress ofa cutting tool along the channel in connection with a tool cutting fromside to side at each cut and substantially parallel with the sidesof thechannel at its side cutting edges.

A further purpose of my invention is to avoid the use of angles orcorners for outtingduty.

A further purpose of my'invention is to present a transverse cuttingedge at the center of the out where the greatest bite is being taken andto reduce the angle across the cut as the side edge of the cut isapproached,

bringing the cutting edge into substantial parallelism with the sidechannel wall at each side of the cut, preferably making the change fromone direction of cutting edge to the other gradually and along curvedlines. 7

A further purpose of my invention is to connect front and side cuttingedges by a substantially continuous preferably curved edge cutting inthe same plane with them..

A further purpose of my invention is to i provide a cutting tool havinga substantially continuous curved cutting edge on the extreme outer edgeof the tool and with clearance from said edge upwardly and toward theaxis on the outside and upwardly and Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

Application filed. May 13, 1913. Serial No. 767,257.

toward the axis on the inside, the latter provldlng internal wedging ofthe tool against the stone cut substantially in the plane of the toolface and perpendicularly to the curve throughout.

A further purpose of my invention is to provide for clearance in acontinuous cut ting edge turning from transversism to parallelism to theside of the channel by a curve and having clearance toward the center ofthe tool or the rear end of the channel as preferred, according as theplane of the a cutting edge is maintained substantially horizontal or atan angle.

I have preferred to illustrate my invention by several forms thereofwhich are practical, efficient and relatively inexpensive and which atthe same time well illustrate the prlnciples of my invention, withoutpurporting to show all of the variations by which, with my disclosure,those familiar with the art will see that my invention could be carriedout.

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are perspective views of four difierent forms ofmy invention, which I willrefer to, hereafter, as my first,

second, third andfourth forms, respectively.

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are side elevations respectively of theforms shownin Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12 are central longitudinalsections respectively of the forms shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and' l. Fig.13 is a perspective view showing modifications of Fig. 1. Fig. 14 is abottom plan view of a modification of Fig. 2.

Some of the subject matter of this application is a continuation forcertain purposes of the subject matter contained in my co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 554,687 filed April 11th, 1910, issued as PatentNo. 1,062,? 90, granted May 27th, 1913.

V In all of the forms I show a tool carrying rod 1 capable of beingoperated vertically by mechanism of the character shown in my Patent No.1,012,569 of December 19, 1911, and corresponding either to the tool,rod of said patent or to the tool rod 9 of my said copending applicationat the will of the user. Obviously, the tool rod can be operated byother mechanisms and maintain other relations to the operatingmechanism,

providing it be reciprocated vertically and moved horizontally along thepath of the channel. I contemplate also, with some forms of myinvention, turning this tool rod and the tool carried thereby, intendingto turn the tools of my third and fourth forms through a half rotationeach and my second form by quarter rotations when turned at all andturning the tool of my first form any desired amount, since the purposeof rotation in this latter case is merely to change the cutting edgeoperating on any part of the channel being cut and anything differingfrom a complete rotation would serve this purpose. One way in which thisrotation can be provided is shown in my Letters Patent No. 1,012,569 andanother method of this rotation applicable to my first form is shown inmy Patent No. 1,062,790.

In each of the forms of my invention I connect the tool with the toolrod 1 by a conventional fastening shown, locked by pin 2, so that theyshall reciprocate and rotate.

In my first form I provide a cutting edge 3 upon what is intended to bethe extreme outside edge of the tool, 11. e. that portion of the toollying farthest from the axis of the spindle, and give outside clearancefro-1n this cutting edge to form the truncated cone shown at a in Fig.1, or the portions thereof shown at l, 1 and 1 in Figs. 2, 3 and l, thecone or portion thereof preferably tapering uniformly from the edge 3upwardly and inwardly toward the axis of the tool rod to provide supportfor the cutting edges, 3, 3, 3 and 3 respectively, without interferingwith these cutting edges cutting clear up to the extreme end wall of thechannel where this is desired. In my first form the edge 3 lies in aplane transverse to the axis of the tool rod and is preferably unbrokenin continuity, though I recognize that very slight serration thereof,such as is shown in exaggerated form in Fig. 13 and in my Patent No.1,062,790 would not detract appreciably from the value of the tool andfor some purposes might be advantageous, so long as a substantiallycontinuous cutting edge is maintained.

Since my first form has a continuous cutting edge in the cutting plane,I provide exit for chips and refuse through openings 5, countersunk onthe outside, as at 6, whose character and position will depend upon thesize of the tool, the distance from the cutting edge to which it isdesired to harden the tool, the kind of stone in which it is intended tocut, rate of feed, etc. I prefer to make these openings round, becauseof the convenience of drilling round holes as compared with oval holes,for example, having their greatest length along the elements of thecone, though recognizing that the latter form would have greaterstrength for the amount of opening provided. The oval or elliptical formis shown in Fig. 13 at 5, countersunk at 6, and applicant appreciatesthat other sections of opening might be used. to advantage.

VVhere' the'duty to which the tool is to be put is heavy, I prefer thatthe opening 7 for the tool rod shall not be continuous with the opening8 which I find useful for the passage of material from the cutting edgeand have therefore so shown the tool as solid at 9 between these twoaxial openings at 7 and 8.

In order to provide bottom rake or clearance for the cutting edge, Islope the under side of the cutting face away from the cutting edgealong straight or curved lines extending upwardly and toward the toolaxis from the cutting edge, i. 6., the direction of the slope beingtoward the axis at all points, though the canted plane of the cuttingedge in my fourth form at 10 provides a rake for the intended center ofthe cutting part at 11 and adjoining parts toward the right in Fig. 12,which will be toward the rear in the preferred line of travel of thistoo-l. The rake .by reason of this canting of the lower plane of thetool is not toward the axis, except just at the center of the channelwidth, but is along parallel lines. For some kinds of duty this rake dueto the canting of the face may be sufficient and the under-cutting shownmay not be required. Both rakes are shown in Fig. 12, that due to thecanting and that due to the recessing. Obviously, the exact character ofthe clearance which is most desirable will vary with different duties towhich the tool is intended to be put, depending upon the thinness orsharpness of the edge which should be used against the stone. The extentof slope or recessing will also obviously depend upon similarconditions. I show that which has produced the best results in use in mymachine.

The opening 8 is not essential to the cutting theory of my tools but isintended to be used as a sort of temporary receiver for chips to preventan accumulation of them under the tool from blocking action of the tooland also as an outlet through holes 5 for such chips as are forced upinto it. Where these functions are not required the opening 8 may bereduced or omitted.

My second form is quite similar to my first form, but the part of thecutting edge 12 which lies squarely across the channel is not upon acurve, but forms part of a straight line extending some distance on eachside of the center and is connected by curved lines 12, with similaredges 12 substantially parallel to the side of the channel. This forms atool of generally square section having sides 13 connected by curvedjoining parts 13. It is capable of being turned by quarter turns onlyand then requires removal from the channel at the end of the out wherethe channel is open or at the top, before turning. It may havethe recess8 and-openings 5.

In Fig. 1 L I have illustrated a form of fiat-sided curved-edged toolsimilar in action to that of Fig. 2, regarded by me as a modificationthereof and intended to be fed along the channel with one of its sides17, preferably the forward side, directly across the channel. The sides17 are united by curved portions 17. This tool possesses the advantagethat it can be turned in the channel preferably by thirds.

I have preferred to show the continuous cutting edge about the tool inthree shapes only, the round, the nearly square and the nearlytriangular. Other forms which are suggested by these examples willreadily occur to those skilled in the art.

In my third form I have cut away a portion of the tool at 14, preferablyless in extent than half of the circumference, in order to giveadditional exit for chips, keeping sufficient of the tool edge toprovide a continuous curved cutting edge from side to side of thechannel, avoiding any exposed corner and extending the cutting .edge atthe side somewhat for the advantage of reinforcement and to insure theprotection of the edge even if the tool be slightly turned. With thistool, except where the channel is open at one end, it will be desirableto turn the tool before reversing the cut, preferably allowing the toolto dwell slightly to attain the desired depth before reversing. Thereversal represents but a short time compared with the time ofreciprocation in order that the forward surface of the cutting edge maynot be exposed excessively. It will be entirely possible, of course, toturn the tool the approximate half circle required betweenreciprocations and the desirability of this may be measured by the useragainst the slight opportunity for injury of the forward surface duringthis turning. The cutting away of what I prefer to use as the rear ofthe tool in the direction of feed along the channel, illustrated in thisthird form of my invention may, of course, be applied to the other toolsof whatever shape, as, for example, to Figs. 2, 4 and let.

In my fourth form, the slope away from the cutting edge due to cant ofthe face may begin at any point and may extend, as shown, across theentire width of the tool. It is less undesirable than might at first besupposed, because it is in the correct theoretic direction at the point(the center) where most of the cutting is being done and departs fromthis correct direction most markedly as points on the crescent-shapedcut are reached, atwhich but little cutting is the recessing of the faceupwardly from the canted plane shown) and the lifting of the rearportion 15 above the front portion 16 permits chips and refuse to passout from under the tool.

"In the fourth form of my invention, the width of the tool at themiddle, 2'. e. that part coming in contact with the side walls of thechannel is very slightly less than the width represented by the diameterat the front portion 16. The taper of the tool is,-

however, so slight that this difference is negligible and is fully takencare of by the well known characteristic of tools cutting in othermaterial as well as in stone, that they cut holes larger thanthemselves, by reason of which the tool can be turned freely in thepassage cut by these slightly reduced side portions. The extent of sizereduction at the middle will depend, of course, upon the extent ofbottom rake given the tool, and the outside clearance or slope of thetool, both of which factors will vary somewhat according to thecharacter of stone being cut and the extent to which the tool is beingcrowded.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is: I

1. In a stone channeling tool, a tapered body having a curved cuttingedge on the lower outer edge of the body and having the extremities ofthe curved cutting edge separated to permit egress of refuse.

2. A stone channeling tool having a tapered outer surface and a curvedcutting edge upon the lower extreme outer edge of the tool, the cuttingedge extending throughout somewhat more than half of the perimeter ofthe outer surface at the bottom and open at the rear of the cut for exitof chips.

3. A. stone channeling tool having a tapered outer surface and a curvedcutting edge upon the lower extreme outer edge of the surface lying in aplane at an angle to the axis of the tool, extending throughout somewhatmore than half of the perimeter of the outer surface at the bottom andopen at the rear of the cut for exitof chips.

at. A stone channeling tool having a ta- 5. In a stone channeling tool,a cutting back of the cutting edge to permit egress of tool having atapered exterior surface eX- chips therefrom, the tool tapering from thetending at the cutting edge throughout the said cutting edge inwardlyand upwardly. 10 Width of the cut and turning therein from a THOMAS D.MOWLDS. position at the center transverse to the channel length to aposition at the sides substantially parallel therewith and open at theWitnesses:

HELEN I. KAUFFMAN, GERTRUDE BADER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

